Every Martial Art Type Explained

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  1. Aikido
    • Textbook Definition: A Japanese martial art focused on redirecting an attacker’s energy using joint locks, throws, and fluid movements, emphasizing harmony and non-resistance.
    • Place of Origin: Japan
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Morihei Ueshiba (developed in the 1920s–1930s)
    • Effectiveness: 70/100 (effective for self-defense, less for sport).
  2. Boxing
    • Textbook Definition: A Western combat sport centered on punching techniques, footwork, and defensive skills, typically practiced with gloves in a ring.
    • Place of Origin: Ancient Greece/Europe (modern form: England)
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Codified by Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
    • Effectiveness: 85/100 (excellent for fitness, competition, limited range).
  3. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ)
    • Textbook Definition: A grappling-based martial art emphasizing ground fighting, submissions, and positional control, derived from Japanese Jiu-Jitsu.
    • Place of Origin: Brazil
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Mitsuyo Maeda, Carlos and Helio Gracie (early 20th century)
    • Effectiveness: 90/100 (highly effective for self-defense, MMA).
  4. Capoeira
    • Textbook Definition: A Brazilian martial art combining acrobatics, dance, and music, using evasive movements and kicks in a fluid, circular style.
    • Place of Origin: Brazil
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Developed by enslaved Africans in Brazil (16th–19th centuries)
    • Effectiveness: 65/100 (cultural, fitness-focused, less practical).
  5. Eskrima
    • Textbook Definition: A Filipino martial art (also called Kali or Arnis) specializing in stick, knife, and empty-hand techniques, emphasizing weapon-based combat.
    • Place of Origin: Philippines
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Traditional, no single inventor; modernized by figures like Remy Presas
    • Effectiveness: 80/100 (effective with weapons, niche application).
  6. Jiu-Jitsu
    • Textbook Definition: A traditional Japanese martial art focusing on grappling, joint locks, and throws to subdue opponents, often without striking.
    • Place of Origin: Japan
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Developed by samurai; no single inventor
    • Effectiveness: 75/100 (versatile, less focus on striking).
  7. Judo
    • Textbook Definition: A Japanese martial art emphasizing throws, pins, and submissions, designed to use an opponent’s force against them.
    • Place of Origin: Japan
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Jigoro Kano (founded in 1882)
    • Effectiveness: 80/100 (great for sport, self-defense).
  8. Karate
    • Textbook Definition: A Japanese martial art using strikes (punches, kicks) and blocks, with forms (kata) and sparring, emphasizing discipline and power.
    • Place of Origin: Okinawa, Japan
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Gichin Funakoshi (modernized in early 20th century)
    • Effectiveness: 80/100 (versatile, widely practiced).
  9. Kickboxing
    • Textbook Definition: A hybrid martial art combining boxing punches with kicks from various styles, practiced for fitness or competition.
    • Place of Origin: Japan/United States
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Developed in 1960s–1970s; no single inventor
    • Effectiveness: 85/100 (great for fitness, combat sport).
  10. Krav Maga
    • Textbook Definition: An Israeli martial art focused on practical self-defense, using instinctive movements, strikes, and defenses against weapons.
    • Place of Origin: Israel
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Imi Lichtenfeld (developed in 1940s)
    • Effectiveness: 90/100 (highly practical, intense).
  11. Kung Fu
    • Textbook Definition: A collective term for Chinese martial arts, emphasizing fluid strikes, kicks, and forms, often inspired by animal movements.
    • Place of Origin: China
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; Shaolin monks influential
  • Effectiveness: 75/100 (diverse, less standardized).
  1. Kyokushin Karate
    • Textbook Definition: A full-contact style of Karate emphasizing powerful strikes, endurance, and sparring, known for its rigorous training.
    • Place of Origin: Japan
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Masutatsu Oyama (founded in 1964)
    • Effectiveness: 85/100 (tough, effective for competition).
  2. Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)
    • Textbook Definition: A full-contact combat sport combining techniques from multiple martial arts, including striking, grappling, and submissions.
    • Place of Origin: Global (modern form: United States)
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; popularized by UFC (1993)
    • Effectiveness: 95/100 (versatile, dominant in combat sports).
  3. Muay Thai
    • Textbook Definition: A Thai martial art known as the “art of eight limbs,” using punches, kicks, elbows, and knees, with clinching techniques.
    • Place of Origin: Thailand
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; traditional Thai development
    • Effectiveness: 90/100 (devastating strikes, sport-focused).
  4. Sambo
    • Textbook Definition: A Russian martial art blending grappling, throws, and submissions, with combat and sport variants, emphasizing versatility.
    • Place of Origin: Soviet Union (Russia)
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Viktor Spiridonov, Vasili Oshchepkov (1920s–1930s)
    • Effectiveness: 80/100 (effective, less common).
  5. Savate
    • Textbook Definition: A French martial art combining elegant kicks with boxing, often practiced with shoes, emphasizing precision and mobility.
    • Place of Origin: France
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Charles Lecour (developed in 19th century)
    • Effectiveness: 70/100 (stylish, niche application).
  6. Silat
    • Textbook Definition: A Southeast Asian martial art focusing on fluid strikes, joint locks, and weapon techniques, often with a cultural emphasis.
    • Place of Origin: Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia)
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; traditional development
    • Effectiveness: 75/100 (versatile, regional focus).
  7. Systema
    • Textbook Definition: A Russian martial art emphasizing natural movements, breathing, and adaptability for self-defense and combat.
    • Place of Origin: Russia
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; modernized by Mikhail Ryabko, Vladimir Vasiliev
    • Effectiveness: 75/100 (practical, less structured).
  8. Taekkyeon
    • Textbook Definition: A traditional Korean martial art using flowing kicks, throws, and rhythmic movements, often with a dance-like quality.
    • Place of Origin: Korea
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; traditional Korean art
    • Effectiveness: 65/100 (cultural, less combat-focused).
  9. Taekwondo
    • Textbook Definition: A Korean martial art known for high, fast kicks and spinning techniques, practiced for sport, self-defense, and fitness.
    • Place of Origin: Korea
    • Inventor/Key Figure: General Choi Hong Hi (developed in 1950s)
    • Effectiveness: 85/100 (athletic, widely practiced).
  10. Taichi (Tai Chi)
    • Textbook Definition: A Chinese martial art using slow, flowing movements to promote balance, health, and internal energy, often for meditation.
    • Place of Origin: China
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Attributed to Zhang Sanfeng (mythical, 12th century)
    • Effectiveness: 70/100 (health-focused, limited combat).
  11. Wing Chun
    • Textbook Definition: A Chinese martial art specializing in close-range combat, rapid strikes, and trapping techniques, emphasizing efficiency.
    • Place of Origin: China
    • Inventor/Key Figure: Attributed to Ng Mui; popularized by Yip Man
    • Effectiveness: 80/100 (practical for self-defense).
  12. Wrestling
    • Textbook Definition: A combat sport involving grappling, throws, and pins to control or defeat an opponent, with various cultural styles.
    • Place of Origin: Global (ancient origins)
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; ancient practice
    • Effectiveness: 85/100 (physical, effective in grappling).
  13. Wushu
    • Textbook Definition: A Chinese martial art combining performance-based forms, acrobatics, and combat techniques, often for sport or display.
    • Place of Origin: China
    • Inventor/Key Figure: No single inventor; standardized in 20th century
    • Effectiveness: 70/100 (artistic, less practical).

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