Priyaranjan Bhoi

  No. Term Definition Example Year of Origin 1 Historical Underpinnings of the Constitution The historical events, movements, and influences that shaped the Indian Constitution, including colonial laws and freedom struggle. Government of India Act, 1935; Indian Independence Act, 1947. 1950 (Constitution enacted) 2 Making of the Constitution The process of drafting the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly, including debates and contributions of key figures. Constituent Assembly debates led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. 1946–1950 3 Salient Features of the Constitution Key characteristics of the Indian Constitution, such as its length, federal structure, and blend of rigidity and flexibility. Parliamentary democracy, fundamental rights. 1950 4 Preamble The introductory statement outlining the Constitution’s objectives and guiding principles. “We, the People of India… Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” 1950 5 Indian Union and its Territories T...

  1. Accountability & Transparency 1.1 What is Accountability Explanation: Accountability means being responsible for your actions and answering to someone for what you do. It’s like a promise that individuals or organizations (like governments or companies) will explain their decisions, take responsibility for mistakes, and face consequences if they fail to deliver. Accountability has three key parts: responsibility (owning your duties), answerability (explaining your actions), and enforceability (facing consequences for wrongdoing). It ensures that power is used fairly and transparently. Example: Imagine a school principal who promises to use funds to buy new books for the library. If the books don’t arrive, parents and students can ask why. The principal must explain (answerability), take responsibility for any misuse (responsibility), and face consequences like an inquiry if funds were mishandled (enforceability). This is accountability in action. 1.2 Accountability of Pol...